Principle of Capital Maintenance for Flitcrofts- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Talk about thePrinciple of Capital Maintenancefor Flitcrofts. Answer: Presentation: The significance of the Maintenance Capital Doctrine is that the organization should get to the best possible application for the offers which concerns and got such capital as it ought not remunerate it to the individuals subject to a portion of the conditions. As there is constrained risk of the investors the protect of the recipient has consistently been the worry (Arnold, 2016). Along these lines, to meet its end, the upkeep of the rule of the Maintenance capital is the combination of the guidelines which are made to guarantee that the organization get to the assets which it has claimed to raise and the other is that the assets are kept up with the exception of a portion of the possibility of the business for the insurance and the advantages of the lenders of the organization. History of the Doctrine: The precept has created through the arrangement of the legal translation in the instances of the organization law held in England. In Flitcrofts case, the two parts of the teaching of the capital upkeep have been depicted. The first is that the loan boss has the option to check whether the capital isn't scattered unlawfully and the second is part ought not have the capital come back to them secretly (Boucekkine, Martinez and Saglam, 2010). Advantages of the Doctrine: The tenet has numerous advantages as we can say that the organization couldn't successfully with the constrained capitals as the prerequisite of the capital from the sources is significant. The leasers and the partners require the affirmations the venture which they made in the organization is secure (Islam, 2015). The reservations of the capital and the restrictions of the investors ought to be tended to by the teaching of the capital support. So in basic words, we can say that the significant advantage of the guideline of the capital support is to shield the privileges of the leasers and the investors. Special cases to the Principle of the Capital Maintenance: The standard of the upkeep of the capital exists so as to protect the organization from lessening its capital by returning it to the individuals from the organization. Be that as it may, this general standard has a portion of the exemptions which can be examined as the Reduction of the capital. The decrease of the capital as characterized in the area 256B of the Corporations Act,2001 whereby it has referenced that the organization can diminish the capital whenever on the somewhat paid offers and return the capital in abundance of the need of the organization (skinner, 2009). References Arnold, A. (2016). Capital decrease case law choices and the advancement of the capital upkeep principle in late-nineteenth-century England.Accounting and Business Research, 47(2), pp.172-190. Boucekkine, R., Martinez, B. Also, Saglam, C. (2010). Capital upkeep as a key advancement tool.Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 57(5), pp.547-567. Islam, M. (2015). The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis.Northern University Journal of Law, 4, p.47. Skinner, r. (2009). The upkeep of paces of profit for capital.Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics Statistics, 28(4), pp.231-240.

Free Essays on Bolivia

Bolivia is a nation situated in Central South America and to be careful with its area, it is discovered 17S, 65W on a compass. Many neighboring nations, for example, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru encompass it. This is a nation whose condition comprises of damp and tropical atmosphere, rough territory, marsh fields, soil disintegration from overgrazing, and the delightful Andes Mountain. To talk on Bolivia’s history it is a piece of the antiquated Incan Empire known for their mineral riches. With the first habitants be migrant tracker assembles the minerals around then was not a major issue at that point. After Spaniards vanquished the Incans the vast majority of the populace left was gathered to become slaves. In 1825, they won their freedom and named the nation after the hero, Simon Bolivar. When visiting Bolivia there are a few locales to see and investigate. Halting by the Tiahuanaco Temple, Copocabaã ±a on Lake Titicaca, the town of Yumani, Sucre, and continually halting to the road markets is a most. Having the chance to ride on a ferryboat and see chronicled destinations is interesting. I couldn't imagine anything better than to visit Bolivia to see for the shopping, pontoon rides, chronicled locales, their selection program and the examination abroad projects they offer. I would guidance any individual who is keen on receiving under benefit youngsters or participating in a global investigation abroad program, that Bolivia is the spot to go!... Free Essays on Bolivia Free Essays on Bolivia Bolivia is a nation situated in Central South America and to be precise with its area, it is discovered 17S, 65W on a compass. Many neighboring nations, for example, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru encompass it. This is a nation whose condition comprises of moist and tropical atmosphere, tough territory, swamp fields, soil disintegration from overgrazing, and the wonderful Andes Mountain. To talk on Bolivia’s history it is a piece of the antiquated Incan Empire known for their mineral riches. With the first habitants be roaming tracker accumulates the minerals around then was not a major issue at that point. After Spaniards vanquished the Incans the vast majority of the populace left was called to become slaves. In 1825, they won their autonomy and named the nation after the hero, Simon Bolivar. When visiting Bolivia there are a few destinations to see and investigate. Halting by the Tiahuanaco Temple, Copocabaã ±a on Lake Titicaca, the town of Yumani, Sucre, and continually halting to the road markets is a most. Having the chance to ride on a ferryboat and see recorded destinations is captivating. I couldn't want anything more than to visit Bolivia to see for the shopping, pontoon rides, recorded locales, their selection program and the examination abroad projects they offer. I would guidance any individual who is keen on receiving under benefit kids or participating in a global investigation abroad program, that Bolivia is the spot to go!...

Orientation Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Orientation Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Orientation Update Here is a quick update straight from the Orientation Website: First-year Summer Term all Transfer Orientation Registration is now available. First-year Fall Term Orientation Registration will be available on the afternoon of May 9, 2011. If you have questions about orientation, the best thing to do is review the orientation website, and then contact orientation with any further issues. Please remember that if you sign up for orientation, you will be charged the fee (to your student account) no matter if you attend orientation (or UGA) or not. You are reserving a place at an orientation, similar to a ticket at an event, and thus another person cannot attend that session. Please only sign up for orientation after you are sure you will be attending UGA. Go Dawgs!

Chinua Crude Prices And Its Implications On India

FALL IN CRUDE PRICES ITS IMPLICATIONS ON INDIA Introduction: The presence of crude oil was first discovered in China way back in 3rd or 4th century A.D. The presence of oil in India was discovered in late 1889 at Digboi in Assam where the first crude oil refinery was set up in 1901. India is not among the major oil producers and that is why it generally depends on imports from other countries. The largest crude oil producing country is Saudi Arabia followed by Russia and America. The extent of the commodity’s importance was shown to the world when the world’s strongest economies were shaken up as the oil prices shot up in 1973 and 1979, after this the whole oil sector was nationalized in India. Currently, crude oil alone is responsible†¦show more content†¦One of the main reasons is the mismatch between the demand and supply of oil. Due to sluggish pace of global economies, the demand has been reducing. The other more important reason is tremendous increase in production levels by the oil extraction using Shale Gas forma tions in wells of Texas and North Dakota. When the oil prices were at $110-115/barrel, they drilled oil from shale gas formations which was earlier considered unviable due to low profit margins. This drilling has resulted into a supply glut which is further helped by Saudi Arabia and OPEC who are reluctant to decrease production. Source: www.wtrg.com It is said that OPEC as a cartel has been unfruitful is maintaining the price levels. Some say that OPEC and Saudi Arabia are purposely not relenting to reduce the production as oil production from Shale Gas formations is much more expensive than oil production at Saudi Arabia (~$5-6/barrel) which is the lowest in the world. OPEC and Saudi Arabia hope to wipe out the Shale Gas producers by the continued fall of crude oil price levels to less than $50/barrel after which it is believed that it would be unviable for the Shale Gas producers to continue. Impact of the fall for India Crude Oil prices affect the life of the average human being in India in multiple ways- from food prices to transport costs. It would seem that falling crude oil prices is great news which couldn’tShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesat â€Å"nuclear politics,† which encompasses both state initiatives and popular dissent, in former but diminished national great powers such as France and Great Britain and in emerging and aspiring high-tech states of very different sorts in Israel, India, and China. Equally impressive in terms of the global range of questions they include, Hecht and Edwards look at the impact of the nuclear nations’ quest for viable, stable sources of uranium and sites for testing nuclear devices in locales as disparate

Astro-Hoaxes You Shouldnt Take Seriously

Every year we see stories about how Earth is going to be hit by an asteroid, or that Mars will be as big as the full Moon, or a NASA probe has found evidence of life on Mars. In fact, the list of astronomy hoaxes is never-ending. One way to find out whats really happening is to check out the debunking site Snopes. Their writers are usually on top of the latest stories, and not just in weird science. Earth as a Target: Maybe, but Not the Way You Think The recurring story about Earth and an incoming asteroid  usually shows up in the supermarket press, often with a projected date, but few other details. It almost always cites NASA, but doesnt name a scientist who is making the prediction. In addition, the story rarely mentions amateur astronomers and their observations. There are thousands of these people around the world watching the skies, and if an incoming asteroid were to be on a collision course with Earth, theyd see it (unless it was really quite small). It is true that NASA and a world-wide group of both professional and amateur observers are monitoring the space near Earth for any possible Earth-crossing asteroids. Those would be the most likely types of objects to pose a threat to our planet. Announcements of Earth-crossing or Earth-approaching asteroids would show up at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Near Earth Object Program web page. And  such objects are usually spotted pretty far in advance. The known Potentially Hazardous asteroids have very, very small chances of colliding with Earth in the next 100 years; its less than one tenth of one percent of a chance.  So, the answer to whether or not theres an asteroid homing in on Earth is No. Just no. And, for the record, supermarket tabloids are not scientific journals. Mars Will Be as Big as the Full Moon!   Of all the astronomy hoaxes to circulate on the web, the idea that Mars will look as big as the full Moon on some given date is one of the most inaccurate. The Moon lies 238,000 miles away from us; Mars never gets closer than 36 million miles. Theres no way they can look the same size, not unless Mars wants to get a lot closer to us, and if it did, it would be pretty catastrophic. The hoax began with a poorly worded email announcing that  Mars — as seen through a 75-power telescope — would look as big as the full Moon would look to the naked eye. This was supposed to occur in 2003, when Mars and Earth were closest to each other in their orbits (but still more than 34 million miles apart). Now, the same rumor comes around every year. No matter where we are in our orbits with respect to each other, Mars will look like a small point of light from Earth and the Moon will look big and lovely. NASA Is (Not) Hiding Life on Mars The red planet Mars currently has two working rovers on its surface:  Opportunity and Curiosity. They are sending back images of rocks, mountains, valleys, and craters. Those images are taken during daylight hours under all kinds of lighting conditions. Occasionally an image shows a rock in the shadows. Due to our propensity to see faces in rocks and clouds (a phenomenon called pareidolia), its sometimes easy to see a shadowy rock as a form, a crab, or a statue of a debutante. The infamous Face on Mars turned out to be a rocky bluff with shadows that looked like eyes and a mouth. It was a trick of light and shadow playing across rock outcrops and cliffs. Its like the Old Man of the Mountain in New Hampshire in the United States. It was a rock overhang that, from one angle, looked like an old mans profile. If you looked at it from another direction, it was just a rocky cliff. Now, because it cracked and crashed to the ground, its a pile of rock. There are already some pretty interesting things on Mars that science can tell us about, so theres no need to imagine fantastic creatures where only rocks exist. And, just because Mars scientists debunk the existence of a face or a rock that looks like a crab does not mean theyre hiding life on Mars. If they had found any shred of evidence of living beings on the red planet now (or in the past), it would be huge news. At least, thats what common sense tells us. And common sense is an important factor in doing science as well as exploring the universe.

Comparison Between the set roles of Late 19th Century men in the ‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’ Free Essays

‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’ are both late 19th Century plays. In the late 19th Century, England was the most economically powerful nation in the world, with naval supremacy and an extensive empire. There was great social change; the nation was becoming more literate and expressive, giving birth to the expression ‘art for art’s sake’. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between the set roles of Late 19th Century men in the ‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, controversy and conflict occurred during this time of economic and social change. That caused a knock on effect throughout Europe. A new social class was also formed; this was the middle class, which ‘A Dolls House’, is based on. During this time of change, men still had family duties which had to be conformed to in the society. Women’s role in society stayed the same. Women were left at home while their husbands went to work. Not much was expected from them, but to provide offspring and keep their husbands satisfied. Family image was very important during this time period and loss of face was unacceptable, a tarnished image would lead to gossip and loss of respect from people of the same social class. Image and social status is clearly brought out in both plays and conflict is apparent when social roles are not adhered to. In Ms Julia, Jean is portrayed as the ambitious footman who crosses the social barrier to seduce the mistress of the house whereas Torvald remains the stereotypical husband of Nora who fulfills his role as her provider. Both plays ‘A Dolls House’ and ‘Ms Julia’ have dominating male characters. In ‘A Dolls House’ the dominating character, Torvald, plays a middle-class man working as a bank manager. Dr Rank, a well-respected doctor, represents the weaker side of men, both physically through his illness which is probably a sexually transmitted disease inherited from his father and also being susceptible to Nora. In ‘Ms Julia’ the main male character is Jean, whose rank in society does not exceed one of a footman. Even though he seems well educated and speaks French, his intentions are evil and disloyal. The Count, Jean’s employer, does not appear in any scenes but he is known as a stern authoritarian man and his presence throughout the play is noticeable through references by the staff and the ‘bell’ at the end of the play. Torvald, a man who has a secure source of income and is well respected by his acquaintances, conforms to the society he is placed in. Towards his wife, he seems only grateful for the company and entertainment that she provides for him and his friends. ‘Nora, I’d gladly work night and day for you, and endure poverty and sorrow for your sake. ‘ This is a typical male statement of that time where women had to rely on the men in that society. When Nora confesses to taking out the loan, to save his life. He does not really love Nora for who she is, but he loves her for what she does to satisfy her. Torvald feels that her actions were outrageous and something he would not expect from a wife. ‘This is unheard-of from a young girl like you’. This clearly shows how he feels about the position and role of a wife. After confessing, Nora leaves their well-established home under the protection of Torvald, and ventures off into the harsh world. At this moment Torvald is a broken man. His wife has left him with two children and a broken heart. ‘But to lose you – to lose you, Nora! No, no, I can’t even imagine it†¦ ‘. More importantly there is an imbalance in Torvald’s life as his role in society is not the same and his broken image cannot be repaired due to what the society expects from happy middle class families. But you’re my wife – now’. How will he be viewed by others because his wife has left him? Dr Rank plays a distinctive role in the play ‘A Dolls House’. His name relates to society, Ibsen deliberately put it in to show the importance of social ranking. Rank is a family friend to the Helmers and makes frequent visits to their residence. When Rank and Torvald discuss matters, they confide themselves to a small room that does not welcome Nora and is not seen by the audience. The subject of these conversations are not known by Nora indicating a difference in the roles in society. When Rank finds death approaching, he confides in Nora, yet Torvald has no that they occur. ‘Well, at any rate you know that I’m at your service – body and soul. ‘ Helmer clearly states that he is at her service, which does not always equal love. Krogstad is an unemployed barrister in ‘A Dolls House’. During the time that Torvald was ill Nora turned to Krogstad for a loan to pay for a much-needed vacation to Italy. This loan was taken out without Torvald knowing. Throughout the play Krogstad always appears at the Helmers residence asking Torvald to hire him. He visits are not only intended to ask for a job, but also to blackmail Nora for the money that she had borrowed from him and the falsified signature. Near the end of the play Krogstad slips a note inside Torvald’s private letterbox about the loan that he gave to Nora. In ‘Ms Julia’ the dominant male character is Jean. He takes advantage of the Count’s daughter and seduces her. Fear of being caught, they both plan to run away. Jean feels that he should be in a higher social class in society. He tries to fit in with people in a higher class, but tries to ignore the social class barrier. ‘In my dream, I’m in a dark wood, lying under a tall tree. I want to get up – right to the top, where I can see out over the country in the sunlight. ‘ However, he is unable to do so and is reminded constantly of his position in society by Kristin and finally by the bell ringing on the return of the Count. The Count is the master of the house, but not much is heard or seen of him. However, his heavy presence is constantly felt by the bell ringing. It’s Jean, my lord. ‘ This brings fear to all the servants. From what is shown the Count expects certain standards from everyone including his daughter and shows a strong adherance to the social class system of the time. He lives upstairs and the servants live downstairs each to their altered position in society. In the two plays the men have completely different roles and attitudes to their place in society. Torvald is comfortable about his role and place in society. Yet Jean feels the opposite way as he feels that he deserves a higher position. Dr Rank feels that his life has not satisfied all his needs for women and he had an unfair chance at life because of his father’s lifestyle. To conclude, Jean’s role in society does not change throughout the play even though he tries very hard to change, he still holds his role as a footman. Dr Rank stays in his role in society as a doctor and a friend, but he tries to bend the rules in his last moments and attempts to flirt with Nora yet he must stay celibate because of his illness. Torvald looses a part of his role and has an increased role of being a single parent and a middle class working man at the same time. If Jean was to conform to society he would not have considered a relationship between himself and Ms Julia. He would have married Kristin and lived his life as a servant and husband. His dreams of owning a hotel would not happen due to his position as a footman. These men had different ideas and roles, but the end result still remains, society still controls who you are and what you can achieve. The bell in Ms Julia is the main image that restricts what you can achieve. In A Dolls House the sickness that Dr Rank has contracted controls his life and his place in society. How to cite Comparison Between the set roles of Late 19th Century men in the ‘Ms Julia’ and ‘A Dolls House’, Papers

Avoidant Personality Disorder Essay Example For Students

Avoidant Personality Disorder Essay From the moment a person is born, his or her personalitybegins to take shape. In infancy, childhood, and lateradolescence, the individual explores a multitude of behaviors. Of all the behaviors, or personalities, the person experiences,one of them will stick with them until the day they die. Unfortunately, each specific personality also contain apersonality disorder. Personality disorders can result inanxiety attacks, depression, and to a certain level, suicide. One of the most unique personality disorders is the AvoidantPersonality Disorder. The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994)describes Avoidant Personality Disorder as: a persuasive patternof social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, andhypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by earlychildhood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated byfour (or more) of the following traits:1.) avoids occupational activities that involvesignificant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection2.) is unwilling to get involved with people unlesscertain of being liked3.) shows restraint within intimate relationshipsbecause of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed4.) is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected insocial situations5.) is inhibited in new interpersonal situations becauseof feelings of inadequacy6.) views self as socially inept, personally unappealing,or inferior to others7.) is usually reluctant to take personal risks or toengage in nay new activities because they may proveembarrassingAvoidant Personalit y Disorder usually starts at earlyadulthood. The American Psychiatric Association is convincedthat an equal amount of men and women experience this personalitydisorder. According to one other study by Greenberg Stravynski, more men are being referred for professional helpthan women (Long). The reason for this is because societyusually expects men to be the initiators in relationships withwomen. People that suffer from Avoidant Personality Disorderdisplay traits such as timidity, shyness, and a withdrawingbehavior. Avoidants, people that suffer from AvoidantPersonality Disorder, use these traits to hurt others so thatthey can avoid a close relationship with them. They like todisplay their hostility in an ?open? manner by insulting peoplewho try to be friendly. The reason for this is so that they canhandle feared rejection by becoming rejecting themselves. Avoidants reject other people first so that they are not thefirst to be rejected. Most of the time avoidants reject peoplewho woul d have never rejected them in the first place. A victimof this personality disorder is usually affected in one of threeways. First, some avoidants put in considerable time and effortinto making themselves attractive to others. They do this sothey will at least be liked for their looks, if not forthemselves. Second, some make sure that their appearance drivesothers away. Third, some avoidants may dress in the style of theera when the trauma occurred (Long). This action obviouslydisplays that the avoidant is living in his or her past. Speechis also affected in an avoidants life. In fact, most avoidantsuse frequent pauses, and speak very slow, while other avoidantsmay try to be ?outgoing?, possibly due to the false belief thatcontinuous talking will prevent death, an avoidants worst fear(Kantor). Avoidants often test others to determine whether or not theyare being truthful in their friendship. Because they mayfrequently see rejection where it does not exist, people willtend to fail these ?tests? and then later be avoided because theymay reject or humiliate those with Avoidant Personality Disorder. People with Avoidant Personality Disorder have difficultybeginning and keeping relationships. In some cases, avoidantsmay try to be a perfectionist and reject anyone who does not liveup to their perfect standards. The reason for all of thisrejection that avoidants give, is so that if they are rejected,they will find it less painful because they did not like theperson anyway. Some people that have Avoidant PersonalityDisorder even believe that they must avoid intimacy becausegiving love to others reduces the energy they have available forthemselves and that they need for their own life. .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 , .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .postImageUrl , .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 , .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3:hover , .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3:visited , .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3:active { border:0!important; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3:active , .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3 .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u25ac7be4805e44d58fcf98a49be348b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Endocrine System PhysiologyMost people with Avoidant Personality Disorder do not showthe affects that the personality disorder has on them becausethey think that their emotions will make them suffer fromrejection or humiliation. Avoidants tend to have low self-esteemand believe that they are unworthy of being in successfulrelationships. Along with their low self-esteem, they also arevery self-conscious, frequently lonely, and see theiraccomplishments as being too small or worthless. They dischargetheir affection, aggression, and other impulses by ignoringothers around them. They also like to watch television anddaydream to escape from reality (Long). Experts believe that h eredity and prenatal maternal factorsare connected with Avoidant Personality Disorder. There isscientific evidence that proves that a child that lives in atimid environment in infancy is prone to develop AvoidantPersonality Disorder later in life (Kantor). Another importantfactor that contributes to the development of AvoidantPersonality Disorder is parental rejection. Parental Rejectioncan destroy a childs optimism, leaving them with feelings ofsocial isolation. A common question that a rejected child mightask would be, for instance, ?If my parents wont accept me, thenwho will A second factor that Avoidant Personality Disordercould be derived from is peer rejection. When a childs friendsbegin to reject and make fun of them, they begin to criticizethemselves. When children cannot turn to their peers or parentsfor a relationship, they learn to cope with rejection. AvoidantPersonality Disorder may be the result of these actions. To handle the causes, complications, and consequences th atAvoidant Personality Disorder consist of, there are fewapproaches for the treatment of this unique personality disorder. Currently, there are two major types of treatments forpersonality disorders: psychotherapy and pharmacologicaltherapy. Depending whether the patient is suicidal or violentdetermines how the psychiatrist, or therapist, will decide totreat the individual. One type practice that is used inpsychotherapy is called avoidance reduction. It is similar tothe other techniques that are found in other psychotherapies. There are three approaches that are used in avoidance reduction: supportive therapy, positive feedback, and reassurance. Thesethree approaches give the patient encouragement. The other majorform of treatment for personality disorders is pharmacological. There are many types of drugs that doctors prescribe for patientslike these. These drugs are classified as antidepressants. Imipramine, desipramine hydrochloride, doxepin, chlordiazepoxide,and diazepam are some common antidepressants. Avoidant Personality Disorder is a serious personalitydisorder that affects many of us Americans today. Hopefully,people will learn more about the personality disorder so thatthey can try to stop Avoidant Personality Disorder from happeningearly in his or her or even in their infants lives. I hope thatthere will be a medical cure for this disorder later in life.

Fetal Stroke Essay Example

Fetal Stroke Essay A very starry time if life is when you find out something is wrong but don’t have an answer for the reason why. My daughter, Schae had processing delay troubles from the beginning. After many tests, the last being an MRI we found that She had an In utero stoke in the frontal lobe. As part of my research I found a great deal of information on the effects of a stroke but only a little on the causes, so I will cover both aspects. In utero stoke, also called fetal stroke, is when a blockage of the blood supply to a portion of the brain. Which part/lobe of the brain the stroke occurs will present with different symptoms. According to a 2008 Stoke fact sheet (2) there are two types of strokes: Ischemic stroke, which is most common, is the blockage of the inflow of arterial blood flow. Hemorrhagic stroke is the bursting or breakage of a blood vessel. Ischemic stroke occurs in 1 of 4000 full term babies. (3) Ischemic strokes typically occur at or just before birth but could have occurred as early as 13 weeks. Fetal stroke can lead to developmental learning disabilities that cover a very broad scope of severity and issues. A learning disability is a child that finds it more difficult to learn, understand and to do things compared to other children of the same age. (4) The degree of disability can vary greatly. Some children will never learn to speak and even when they grow up will need help with looking after themselves, but on the other side is a child that has such a mild disability that it is barely recognizable. The cause of the disability can also very significantly. Causes include: genetic factors, infection before birth, and brain injury at birth, brain infections or brain damage after birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Fetal Stroke specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fetal Stroke specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fetal Stroke specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In nearly one-half of the children affected, the cause of the disability remains unknown. The effects of learning disability are apparent to the child, they are aware that they are not like the rest of the class, the real problem is giving them the skills to understand and communicate when they are experiencing a problem. Speech problems can make it even harder for other people to understand them thus causing more frustration. Another sidebar problem is the parent’s, as well as the siblings, frustration with trying to communicate with the disabled child. To treat developmental learning disability, you must have patients, knowledge of tools available, and professional help, school teachers and psychologists. The types of developmental learning disabilities are mostly discovered in school type setting. This allows an evaluation by the trained professional teacher to include skill set and cognitive weaknesses. The following are types of developmental disabilities. Motor difficulties is a problem with the movement and coordination whether it is with fine motor skills, (drawing, writing, use of scissors) or gross motor skills (running, jumping). This is referred to as an â€Å"output† activity. The brain communicates with the necessary limbs to complete the action. A sign of this may include problems with hand-eye coordination, like holding a eating utensils or buttoning pants. Math difficulties vary greatly depending of the child’s other strength and weaknesses. This is affected by language learning or visual disorder or a difficulty with sequencing, memory or organization. A child with this disability may struggle with memorization and organization or numbers, operation signs and number facts and trouble with counting principles (such as counting by groups of numbers 4, 5, 10) or have difficulty telling time. Language and communication disabilities have to do with the ability to understand and speak the spoken language. This is also considered an output activity, because it involves activity from the brain to use the right words and verbally explain something to someone else. Signs of this disability include problems with verbal language skills, (retelling a story, ability to understand the meaning of words, parts of speech, directions). Reading difficulties are broken down into two types. Basic reading problems are difficulty in understanding the relationship between sounds, letters and words. Reading Comprehension is the inability to get the meaning of words, phrases and paragraphs. Signs of reading problems include; letter and word recognition, understanding words and ideas, reading speed and fluency, vocabulary skills. Writing difficulties include the physical act of writing or the mental activity of comprehending and synthesizing the information. Basic writing disorder is a physical difficulty forming works and letters. Expressive writing disability is a struggle to organize thoughts on paper. Some symptoms are the act of writing and include; neatness and consistency of writing, accurately copying letters and words, spelling consistency and writing organization and coherence. Auditory and visual processing are the input processes. If the either of these two aren’t working then developmental learning can suffer. The ability to hear well greatly affects the ability to read, write and spell. Distinguishing the subtle differences in sound or hearing sounds at the wrong speed makes it difficult to sound out words and understand the basic concepts of reading and writing. Visual perception problems are missing subtle differences is shapes, reversing letters or numbers skipping words or lines, having problems with eye-hand coordination. This is referred to as visual processing. Refer to appendix A. for table. Causes of developmental learning disabilities are not an exact science. 10 percent of children have a learning disability. Learning disabilities tend to run in families, so some learning disability may be inherited. A majority of the causes involve something brain related, it could have been a stroke in ureto, complications with delivery that involve a lack of oxygen, or environmental. Some causes impact the brain development before, during, or after birth (drugs, poor nutrition). Mothers smoking can cause oxygen deficiency which can lead to developmental learning disability. Treatment for developmental learning disability depending on the severity of and type of disability, the most common is based on the ADD (Attention deficit disorder). There is a wide variety of treatments; the most common and most accepted treatment is educational intervention. Some of these techniques include teaching student’s strategies or tricks to overcome specific deficits. Developing a individual education plan (IEP) for the student allow for all involved, parents, teachers, psychologists, and students to be moving toward the same common goal. Managing the child’s diet will help the child better concentrate in class. When these techniques fail or are have slow progress an alternative is to use chemicals/drugs to slow the urges to act less impulsively and more able to be responsive to the teachers methods of instruction. There are side effects which sometimes greatly complicate the process. I have a personal experience with developmental learning disabilities. My daughter, here is her story. She was a quiet baby; Schae was our third child/daughter born. Schae took longer to do some of the things that her sisters did. Schae was 18 months before she walked and talked. Schae’s sisters had walked and talked very early, nine months. There was something about Schae, you couldn’t define any one thing, but all that came in contact with her just loved her. In preschool the teachers were concerned about Schae progress, it lagged the other students. My wife and I knew there was something wrong, but what? When Schae Started kindergarten, the teacher suggested we test her, we requested that the school do tests on her to determine where she was learning wise. Schae IQ was normal, but she had a processing delay. It takes her longer, if at all, to understand things. When Schae was in first grade we took her to see the pediatrician who referred us to a neurologist. The neurologist saw a problem with Schae’s gate (she walked only on her tiptoes). After an MRI, they found that she had a stroke in utero in her frontal lop. This affected her ability to process information. Externally she looked and acted fine, but when trying to understand something basic, it was apparent that there was something not right. The symptoms present like attention deficit disorder, so the treatment also falls in line with the symptoms. One of the hardest challenges is helping her to do her homework. We are not sure how it came to be that she wanted to do well but she does. Schae struggled greatly with her school work. No matter how much her mother and I worked with her, she did not understand the current topic whether it be math, reading or spelling. We would make up flash cards and drill whatever it took just to see a glimmer of understanding. That was before we decided that our willpower for her to understand was not enough Schae has an intrinsic motivation to please us by doing well in school but just did not have the tools to do it. It was difficult for her to just sit still to concentrate. She wanted to go in a hundred different directions at once. Schae’s turning point occurred when she realized that using all the tools that we put before her will help her do better in school. We had to turn to medical tools to assist in her focusing problems. We were extremely reluctant at first. We tried diet modification, a holistic approach, but nothing worked. We had to at least attempt the medical solution. At first it we tried a few different flavors of medicine. The first few really affected her personality, in fact so much that we had decided that nothing would be worse than what the medicine did to her. After going back to her doctor, we found one that was minimally invasive to her natural personality. Schae has a natural instinct to take care of others; some would say she was born to be a mother, and a sensitivity of others (sometimes not so much with her sisters). This is what drives her will to do better in school. Schae’s instincts, other than the basic are to please others. I say this because when everything is done, Schae basic nature is to please others. Maybe because of the other issues Schae deals with, her strongest quality is that she is very loving and nurturing. Even from birth people were drawn to Schae. I am still not sure why people love her, maybe it is her calm easy going nature or just the fact that they see that she struggles but maintains a great attitude thought out. Schae’s drive is the same as any other 10year old. She requires food, sleep and water. There was a time when she was younger, 4-5 years old, that the urge to use the bathroom was not as strong as it should have been and she would have accidents. One time in school, in 2nd grade, Schae had an accident in front of the whole class. This would have been horrifying for most, but Schae just went about her business not affected by the class around her or the teasing in the weeks to follow. As with all things the kids came back around to her easy going personality and her friends were still her friends. There were those that did continue to tease Schae, but her mother and I have ensured that Schae stays away from them. For Schae in the past was difficult times, the frustration on her and our parts was miserable. It was very difficult to figure out what to do next. Our nature was to help her achieve her full potential and when our most diligent efforts failed, it was time to find another way. The medical solution is working right now. It greatly helps her concentrate with minimal affects to her natural personality. Our ultimate goal is to have Schae be able to mentally control herself to a point that she can control her impulses to stray from the matter at hand. After I took a listening class (here at Curry) I heard of an adults childhood experience, where she did not want to take medicine and used a commonsense approach to concentration and focus. This person would focus on the instructor’s eyes whenever she spoke; this helped her focus on the spoken word. One morning at the breakfast table I suggested Schae try this for the day, just to see if it would work for Schae. When she came home that day, she said it made a difference she was able to tune her focusing skill to a point that she was able to understand the teacher better. So like most things new to Schae, we have to reminder her for a little while then she will just start doing it. I see in Schae’s future that she will leave the medical approach behind and use her mental adaption to keep her focus and attentive skills in line. Schae’s heart driven approach to life will pave the way to great success in life whether that be financial or social. Fetal Stroke is a serious problem that is mainly hidden from the public media and with research will hopefully lead to cause and prevention. Developmental learning disability is a multi-dynamic problem today with one in ten being diagnosed with some form of learning disability. The causes are being better understood, and the typed being further identified. Treatment is constantly evolving and with any hope a bridge will be forged between the educational and medical fields to come to a common treatment plan that is most beneficial and effective to the child. Biography 1. http://www. rcpsych. ac. uk/mentalhealthinfoforall/mentalhealthandgrowingup/10learningdisability. aspx 2. http://www. pediatricstroke. org/stroke_facts. htm 3. Stroke in newborn infants. , Nelson, KB, Lynch, JK. Lancet Neurology, 2004, 4. http://helpguide. org/mental/learning_disabilities. htm#common 5. Treatment of learning disabilities By Roberto Tuchman http://int-pediatrics. org/PDF/Volume%2015/15-2/tuchman. pdf Appendix A Learning disability causes chart. Common Types of Learning Disabilities

The Road Not Taken

The Road Not Taken Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The Road Not Taken† has many different interpretations. Everyone is a traveler choosing the roads to follow on their continuous journey in life. When reading this poem it all depends on your life experiences in the past, present, and your outlook on the future how you interpret it. In the first stanza, the emphasis is on the road that was not traveled. Frost wants to travel both but he cannot â€Å"and be one traveler.† The poem shows that he believes that it is the road that one chooses in life that makes him the man he is. The is a strong sense of regret before the choice is made because he knows that in one lifetime he cannot travel down every road. Before making the final decision on which path to take, the traveler â€Å"looked down one as far as I could.† The road that is chosen leads to the unknown, as the same with any choice in life. It is the way that he chooses here that sets him off on his journey and decides where he is going. He takes the other road that is â€Å"grassy and wanted wear.† The road he chooses has a â€Å"better claim† because it is the road that is less traveled on. By taking this road it shows that he is the type of person that wants to try something new and different. The leaves that cover the ground have not been stepped on and â€Å"no step had trodden black,† indicates that no one has walked down the road since the leaves had fallen, therefore describing a road not traveled. â€Å"I kept the first for another day† still shows the desire to travel down both paths. At the end of the poem, â€Å" I shall be telling this with a sigh, somewhere ages and ages hence,† shows he knows someday he will look back and have some regret that he did not go back and take the other road. â€Å"I took the road less traveled by, And that has made all the difference† means that he does not regret choosing the less traveled road because if he had not he would not have had the life experiences that he did. Research Papers on â€Å"The Road Not Taken†Mind TravelAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Hip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetResearch Process Part OneThe Spring and AutumnCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Feasibility study of cell-phone store in Riyadh,KSA Essay

Feasibility study of cell-phone store in Riyadh,KSA - Essay Example One such small enterprise that embraced this opportunity is KSA, a cell phone store, which operates in Saudi Arabia’s capital city, Riyadh. The cell phone store has continued to grow over the years, with rates almost equivalent to cell phones’ evolution. However, this enterprise is not exempt from external pressures, which affect virtually all business in Riyadh, among other places in Saudi Arabia. These external influences constitute the Saudi Arabian business environment, and they include aspects such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal considerations. In technical business terms these business environment elements make up a model referred to as PESTEL framework. With the remarkable evolution of cell phones in Saudi Arabia, KSA has to evolve in a similar trend, in order to conform to the surrounding environment and adapt to the ever changing business trends. Critically evaluating its external environment and taking proper measures t o exploit available opportunities while overcoming challenges encountered; will enable KSA to benefit extensively from the constantly growing demand for up-to-date mobile phones. Additionally, strategies made after extensively considering external business factors, will enable KSA to extend its operations beyond Riyadh, to rural townships that do not have direct access to stores where they can purchase trendy mobile phones (Latham and Watkins, 2010, p.6). Riyadh Business Overview It is important to make note of the fact that use of mobile phones, not only in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, but also in the entire world has grown tremendously. Cellular phones are currently considered to be a crucial part of people’s social, as well as, business lives. Being an integral part of a person’s life implies that people have to buy phones thus guaranteeing constant business opportunities for establishments like KSA. For specificity, however, it is noteworthy to mention that, Saudi Arabia is currently ranked number one in terms of market size and fast growth, in the Middle East region. This ranking particularly focuses on the Kingdom’s demand for electronics and since Riyadh, is the Kingdom’s Capital city; businesses here are bound to benefit from this remarkable growth. Additionally Riyadh provides diverse opportunities in virtually every chief economic sector, thus offering individuals a suitable platform to benefit from Saudi Arabia’s strong economy which gains significantly from religious tourism and oil investments. Riyadh has excellent infrastructure, and since the Kingdom’s economy is largely diversified through sale of processed foodstuffs, petroleum products, and diversified agricultural practices; the city is undoubtedly a hub for foreign investors thus creating additional development opportunities for the small businesses. Further, Riyadh hosts numerous international business expos and shows, providing the small businesses with an opportunity to showcase their products, hence increasing

Academic and Professional Development Assignment

Academic and Professional Development - Assignment Example The paper manages to set up questionnaires that were used to capture accounting students’ attitude towards plagiarism. The questionnaires were administered to accounting students in both undergraduate and post graduate levels. The final results were then analyzed and comparisons were made (Yeo, 2007, p.12). Previous empirical studies have discovered a number of factors that relate to student plagiarism such as environmental factors, demographic variables and moral capability. However, none of the research has ever considered comprehensive factors of plagiarism (Barrett and Cox, 2005, p. 14). Most of the previous studies have often tested linear relationships between constructs instead of constructing the validity of hypothesized models. Considering the collection of data, all the previous studies sampled only undergraduate students and not post graduate students (Bornstein, 2007. p.17). This paper introduces a number of factors that have been left out in the previous empirical studies into a hypothesized model, for instance, accounting education (Bretag and Carapiet, 2007, p.19). The objectives of the paper is to identify factors that influence the plagiaristic behaviors of students, to develop and empirically test a model of factors that influence students plagiaristic behaviors and to make recommendations for accounting educators prevent student plagiarism. The paper has empirically tested and developed a model of factors that influence student plagiarism within the context of accounting education. 2. Analysis The internet is no doubt the major cause of plagiarism amongst students as the paper suggests. There internet has a lot of information that students can access without having to read a lot of books from the library. The internet has been expanding rapidly with information from a number of sources and this has facilitated plagiarism. There has also been the development of a number of online software that is used to detect plagiarism ((Sierles, Hen drickx, and Circle, 1980, p.29). Some of these online software include Turnitin and grammarly.com that are used to detect work that has been plagiarized. Approximately sixty percent of UK institutions use Turnitin to detect work that has been plagiarized. When lectures discover that students have plagiarized their work, they often penalize students. These penalizations are what make students fear plagiarizing their work. Students who intend to gain academic qualifications are expected to reveal appropriate levels of attainment and ability through examinations and coursework. This requires students to produce submissions that meet a certain assignment specification that is marked by a tutor to confirm that the work reaches the required standard. In most institutions, students are required to confirm that the submission is the result of their own work. Plagiarism may also occur when students self-plagiarize their work. Self plagiarism is usually a delicate and complex issue. Some acad emics argue that self plagiarism may not occur because plagiarism is theft and one cannot steal from himself. The major types of self plagiarism include duplicate and redundant publications, partitioning a larger sturdy into smaller published studies. The paper mentions plagiarism but fails to mention self plagiarism, which is one of the major concerns in academics. Students often plagiarize their previous works because of their laziness or to complete their work faster. The paper reviews nine factors that concern student plagiarism and these factors include demographic variables, cultural influences, institutional support, and new technology, accounting educat

Child Obesity Media And Technology Children And Young People Essay

Child Obesity Media And Technology Children And Young People Essay The topic of this research is looking into child obesity and whether it gives cause to come under child neglect laws. This will be done in a literature review format incorporating interviews to look at fact and opinions on the matter. The results provide a complex over view and debate the topic thoroughly, taking into consideration affecting factors. Yes, child obesity can be neglect if a parents have persistently ignored guidance and failed to seek needed help. It can also be no as not every child obese case gives cause to be considered neglect and it is extremely rare. Obesity is a condition in which weight gain has reached the point of seriously endangering health. While some people are genetically more susceptible than others, the direct cause of obesity in any individual is always an excess of energy intake over energy expenditure (Chambers and Wakely, 2002: X). The issues arisen from criminalising child obesity being under the law of child neglect will be critically discussed in this dissertation. Obesity is a major concern in the UK, proven to potentially shorten lives by up to 9 years, health professionals are starting to express their worries of parents outliving their children as a consequence of the health problems that accompany obesity (Kellow, 2011). Some of the possible health implications of child obesity are: diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and osteoarthritis (Sullivan, 2004 and Heaton-Harris, 2009). In 2010 20% of boys and 17% of girls aged 11-15 could be described as clinically obese, with 14% and 15% aged between 2-10 being obese. From 1995 child obesity has risen 6% for boys and 3% for girls (reference). This would make nearly 1 in 5 of all children not just overweight, but a t the point of serious health issues (Health Survey for England, 2010). It is already said to be costing the UK  £2 billion annually (Kellow, 2011) and estimated to increase to  £50 billion annually by 2050 if trends continue (Butland et al. 2007). The increase in child obe sity has sparked a moral panic about the concern for childrens health driving the government to do more to protect children from becoming obese. Obesity is defined by BMI which stands for body mass index. BMI is calculated by dividing a persons weight (in kg) by their height (in meters). To be classed as obese a persons BMI would need to be over 30, and to be classed as morbidly obese, which is extreme cases of obesity the BMI would need to be 40 or above (Chambers and Wakely, 2002). This is not what you expect to be talking about when discussing children, as the stereotypical image of a child is healthy and happy, getting plenty of exercise and being fed properly. However, Heaton-Harris (2009:14) provides an opposite portrayal, saying Obese children are less active than the average pensioner. She then goes onto explain that overweight children will get out of breath after 5 minutes due to the additional strain on the heart to pump excessively around the body, which is too large and demanding oxygen rich blood. It is clear from the statement that Heaton-Harris (2009) argues that obese children are very disadvantaged and unfit. Children are vulnerable and dependant on parents and guardians and it is their duty is to make sure their children are healthy and happy. Ford-Martin (2005) says that children learn by example and that as a parent or guardian you are their primary role model. The parents or guardians of children struggling with obesity are therefore failing their children as the child is severely unhealthy and is at risk of severe health problems. It currently can become a child protection issue if children are allowed to eat excessive amounts of food, or have a seriously unbalanced diet (Grady, 2012). In extreme cases children can be removed from parental or guardian care by the court due to the affecting factor, children being obese. The fact that children sometimes need protection from parents if they are obese is interesting and leads onto the discussion whether this should also be a punishable offence. As it stands the definition of child neglect is, a persistent failure to meet a childs basic physical and/or developmental needs. Neglect includes failing to provide for a childs health, education, emotional development, nutrition, clothing, shelter, safety and safe living conditions, and includes exclusion of the child from the home and abandonment. It is different from poverty, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), because it happens when there is failure to provide the resources to meet a childs needs if those resources exist or should be available (Bovarnick online, 2007). This definition explains under current statute what would be classed as child neglect and as you can see this covers a very wide spectrum. Although it does say failing to provide for a childs health (Bovarnick online, 2007).This could allow child obesity to fit into this category. Although generally the main focus of child neglect is failure to provide a child with something not allowing children excessive amounts of something. The question this dissertation sets out to answer is whether or not child obesity presents the scope to be punishable by law under child neglect statute. The aims are to establish how much blame is on the media, technology and parents to establish whether or not it is justifiable to hold them responsible for the obesity state their child/children are in. This question will be looked at through current literature and interviews to see what people think about the issue also. The first chapter discussing the role media and technology play on the obesity state of the youth in the UK. The second chapter puts forward the debate on whether or not parents should take the main responsibility of their childrens obesity state. The third and final chapter deliberates the on-going debate on the issues of child obesity being a form of child neglect taking into consideration both of the discussed issues presented in the previous chapters. The impending investigation takes the format of a literature review, which incorporates interviews also. There is extensive literature on the topic of child obesity in the UK which is taken advantage of in the format being used to answering the question set out. As well as gathering qualitative data from interviews to get opinions and see if they back up the literature found. Chapter 2: Methodology The methods section is the most important aspect of a research paper because it provides the information by which the validity of a study is ultimately judged (Kallet, 2004:1129). 2.1: Research design and rationale Child neglect and child obesity are both current issues and can both impose health problems to children. It is an on-going debate whether child obesity should come under child neglect laws which can hold parents or guardians responsible and therefore punish them for the obesity state their child/children are in. These two topics for investigation are strongly linked and consequently showing a need to investigate them together and answer the question whether child obesity should be criminalised. The methodology used to conduct this investigation into child neglect and child obesity is mainly library based research but incorporated into the research investigation is a short interview to compare with the literature based findings. The methodological approach needs to fit the purpose and the question being researched. Therefore justification for the methods used in any research being conducted needs to be established (Kumar, 2011). This is also backed up by Robson (2002), who articulates the data collected by the researcher in any topic is dependent on the particular research question and aims. Winstanley (2009) and Saunders et al., (2007) state there are two categories research can be separated into; primary research and secondary research. According to Sorenson (2010) the difference between the two is how the research is gathered: primary research is collected by the researcher whereas secondary research is carried out using already existing data. Secondary data according to Bryman and Bell (2007) and Zikmund (2003) is when, documents by other researchers are analysed by people most commonly not involved in the collection process. This allows experience and knowledge to be drawn from other academics which may be vital to the subject area being discussed. This paper is at an under-graduate level making expert knowledge and expertise crucial in making the paper of value in the academic world. Zikmund (2003) also draws attention to the lower cost, which is also a main advantage over primary data which can be expensive. Saunders et al. (2007) comment that secondary research allows a wide range of information to be gathered such as: quantitative, qualitative, descriptive and explanatory data. However every form of data collection comes with weaknesses. Secondary data may provide a lot of good quality information but may not link entirely with the given research questions and aims providing no value towards further research; this is something researchers need to consider. In a lot of instances it can be near impossible to find sufficient information (Zikmund, 2003). Also if pre-existing data is relevant, credible and specifically what the researcher needs to discuss time and effort designing and collating new research maybe a waste of the researchers time. Secondary research was the main data collection method chosen as it seemed the best choice to answer the question on whether child obesity should or is criminalised. When talking about a debate that already exists it is paramount to include current literature, especially when this issue is a current governmental and political matter. With an abundance of existing research in this area, secondary data collection was the easiest method and the most appropriate main form of data collection. However the weaknesses pointed out do need to be noted as secondary data can provide such a wide scope of data and most of it may be irrelevant and only relevant data needs to be discussed, this will be discussed in more detail under the inclusion/exclusion of data. The debate on criminalising child obesity is a current one in the academic world however this dissertation took a new direction, by adding interviews as there would have been no point carrying out something that had been done before. The secondary data gathered was in the form of a library based dissertation also known as a literature review. This is the main source of information being used to discuss the issues of child obesity and whether criminalising it is appropriate and considers: journals, newspapers, reports, textbooks, abstracts, media sources both electronically and in hard copy format (Hart, 1998). Hart says that a literature review is The selection of available documents on the topic, which contain ideas, data and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfil certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it is to be investigated and the effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed (1998: 13). Literature reviews are seen as very important and as Aveyard (2010: 6) explains them to be like jigsaw puzzles as you piece each part of the puzzle (piece of literature) together to give the reader the overall picture. Therefore playing an important part allowing all relevant information on a given topic to be in one place at the same time, this brings to light conflicting academic works to be seen together which may have gone unnoticed before. This type of research can also incur new insights to be drawn as a result of re-analysing previous sources. However Aveyard (2010) notices they are useful but in order to be reliable they need rigour and structure. The idea is not to find literature to back up the desired answer but to open-mindedly collate information to reach and answer on a predefined question. This is very important as literature reviews permits the overall picture to be seen and therefore hopefully eliminating bias so the researcher needs to adhere to this and this why it is vital that a systematic approach is taken. Hart (1998) establishes that literature reviews need to present all available documents on the chosen topic not just selected few to give the reader everything to make up their mind. This poses a difficulty as the resources available to an under graduate student will not allow a team of researchers and there are time constraints. This is why a systematic approach will be adhered to but may not reach the exact same criteria a fully funded and resourced literature review will. To present information to allow a reader to reach his/her own conclusions on the predefined question, whether childhood obesity should be criminalised, it will be thoroughly researched selecting only relevant information. The systematic approach used key terms (Appendix 2: 54) to search the library data base at Buckinghamshire New University and the internet. This was systematic do uncover any relevant literature which ensured everything relating to the topic was read and if found useful was then included in the discussion. However this is not the only form of data collection being used as primary research is also being used in the form of interviews which shapes the literature already in circuit to cater directly to the needs of the question and objectives giving and already existing topic area a new direction. The dissertation aims to uncover not only current issues and debates but peoples attitudes and thoughts which are only possible if opting to incorporate primary data also that adds value to the issues being presented. The interview questions were formed around the literary findings, which then allowed the literature and interviews to be compared and discussed. Interviews were conducted as part of the research which is one of the main methods of gathering primary data; permitting data to be brought together that has not been gathered previously. Ghauri et al. (2005) highlights one of the main advantages of using primary research methods is the data is going to be relevant as it is specifically gathered to the specialised research area, this is also backed up by Zikmund (2003). Being able to shape the data being gathered to suit the needs of the study allows consistent information to be provided. Saunders et al. (2007) points out that a main limitation to primary research is interviewee and interviewer bias when using focus groups. The research in this study does not involve focus groups for this exact reason to decrease the chance of bias. However the interviewees and interviewer were criminology students and may present a bias for that reason. Having bias makes it less reliable which affects the validity and also makes it hard to generalis e results, this is something to be taken into consideration for this study. Nevertheless this is a valid point and makes the study less reliable but not an easy issue to overcome given the ethical restrictions and materials available for the study. The library based element and the interview section are both focusing on qualitative data, however there will be some secondary data featured in the form of quantitative statistics jotted throughout. Bryman (2001: Page number) describes qualitative research to be a strategy that usually emphasizes words, feelings, perception, and qualitative research tends to be concerned with words rather than numbers. The point of the dissertation is to look into the perception people have and the way society see child obesity and what they think in regards to it being criminalised. Hoepfl (1997) stated that qualitative research allows data to discover the meaning of events rather quantitative using numbers to establish facts. Qualitative data provides the means to find out what peoples attitudes and intentions are about fundamental topics (Ghauri et al, 2005). This permits researchers to broaden knowledge and insight in their chosen topic. This is very useful and one of the main reasons interviews were picked was to develop an understanding of whether obesity is seen as criminal as it will give an insight to peoples opinions on the issue as well as comparing it to current literature available. Interviews were chosen as they have potential to gain rich and insightful data (Robson, 2011). Sarantakos (1988) highlights the main advantages of interviews are: there flexible and adaptable, they directly ask the questions and can assess non-verbal behaviour, which can sometimes reverse the meaning. Robson (2007) also highlights that direct face to face interviews have advantages as you can measure the seriousness which participants take the exercise and you get a higher response rate as it is harder to say no. Although Sarantakos also points out that there are disadvantages such as biases are hard to rule out and that interviews are very time-consuming considering the time it takes to transcribe interviews. Interviews were picked from this study to gage an understanding of what people thought about childhood obesity as from interviews you can directly ask the questions you need answered. It was tailored to the topic of the dissertation which allowed the discussion of both literatu re and the data found in the interviews. Interviews not only helped to gage an understanding and present data for discussion but as it was done whilst the literature was being gathered it showed areas that were in need for research to cover the topic of child obesity. For example, in one interview the topic of illnesses and diseases that can make you obese was discussed about bringing to light this new area to be included. The interviews will be carried out on two separate days with 5 interviews on one day and 5 on the other. All interviewees were handed a leaflet (Appendix 3:55-56) to inform them that the interview will remain anonymous and that they can stop at any time and this leaflet is then signed by each interviewee to ensure consent is present. Participant numbers will be used when discussing in the main paper and no names will be included within the dissertation to keep identities confidential. There will also be a verbal introduction read out to participants to ensure consistency (Appendix 4: 57). 10 students will be asked the same three questions in the same order. Interviewees will be both genders but all over the age of 18 attending Buckinghamshire New University. They were interviewed in a rentable room in the library of Bucks New University. All interviews were recorded on a Dictaphone and transcribed after all participants had completed the interview. The interviews will be structured a nd based upon four questions (appendix 4: 57). Interviewees were asked to explain their answers in as much detail as they could. A main advantage of the research design is that it incorporated both secondary and primary research by being a library based review including short interviews to compare and possibly back up the literature based findings. The disadvantages of just doing one form of research will be minimised as you will decrease the disadvantages of doing primary or secondary by using both. For example a main disadvantage of using primary research is researcher bias which can still occur but will be compared to other literature on the same topic so this will be minimised, this makes the results found in the dissertation a higher validity. 2.2: Data Analysis 2.2.1 Library Based Research A library based search is an analytical overview of literature on a given topic. In order to present the literature found in from the library search it was thoroughly studied and then broken down into the three chapters. They were broken down into chapters to specifically analyse each section of information uncovered giving the direct access to then compare to the interview findings. 2.2.2 Interviews Gibbs (2007) describes coding as the direction you take when analysing your data, where you systematically link together similar theories and descriptions. Robson (2011) explains the importance of thematic coding has to drawing points of interest out of data. Thematic coding was used to analyse the data gathered from the interviews as the reason they were carried out was to gage what people thought about child obesity. The interviews consisted of peoples thoughts and ideas and being able to dissect the meaning of these gives value to the data collected and transforms it to a functional format, this is then used when discussing the issues that arose. Being able to identifying general themes from the interviews was necessary in understanding more about the phenomenon. It was especially useful in pin pointing specific areas in need for discussion as child obesity is a broad topic; this was how the chapters were chosen. There were a lot of advantages to thematic coding such as: flexibility, being easy to pick up, within reach to those with little or no experience and it allowed key features to be summarised which then made it easy to remark on in the chapters. However the main disadvantages these were: being flexible it gave the potential for a broad range of data which could then be confusing to interpret and use and that coding may be limited to description or exploration and not very focused towards interpretation (Robson, 2011). Robson (2011) then goes onto describe the five phases to thematic coding: the first phase is familiarising yourself with data, the second phase generating initial codes, the third identifying themes, the fourth constructing thematic networks and the fifth and final phase integration and interpretation stage. Miles and Huberman (1994) mention that there are more than one stage to coding the first level is attaching labels to groups and the second putting the initial themes into a smaller amount of themes. 2.3: Inclusion/Exclusion of Criteria Research materials included in the research investigation would need to be from the UK and information from other countries or discussing other countries will be excluded as the points will not be as relevant, unless it specifically addresses the UK or is used in a comparative style. Another crucial point is the date period which is something the researcher should be aware of (Zikmund, 2003). If a publication was older than 10 years it is not likely to still be of importance, however in the case of childhood obesity it seems to be a newly mediated topic which can mean that all information is still of relevance. So literature that is older than 10 years will only be included if it seems to still be of significant importance or a pivotal point for discussion. Chapter 3: Child Obesity, media and technology Of course, with the important role comes responsibility, the media must operate in an ethical and responsible way (Browne, J, 2011, online). This chapter looks at the part media and technology play in the child obesity epidemic. The media cannot be punished for neglecting children as they do not owe the same duty of care parents do, establishing how much the media affects the problem of obesity nevertheless will benefit the overall argument. It can be broken down into three categories, firstly the rise in technology, which has increased sedentary activities among youths. Secondly, with the issue of child obesity increasing this has led to an upsurge of media coverage on the issue (Kim and Wills, 2007), the ways in which the issue is portrayed may too affect child obesity. Thirdly studies have shown that advertising of junk foods may be directly linked to the increase of child obesity, and has been a topic of much discussion in recent years. It is important to remember that not only are media there to inform but they aim to educate and entertain and are getting paid so it is important to remember they may have hidden agend as (Melville-Brown, 2007) as well as their aim being to publicise health problems not rectify them. 3.1: Literature Findings 3.1.1 Sedentary lifestyles amongst youths The involvement children have with physical activity has noticeably decreased over the past 20 years. Dr Watkins (cited in Cole and Kmietowicz, 2007:334) stated that free range children have been replaced with battery reared children reared in cyberspace, and thats the reason for the epidemic of childhood obesity. This highlights that the increased participation in sedentary activities, that are more readily available for the children of today, play a huge role in their lives and may impact on the statistical increase of childhood obesity. The changes in lifestyle that causes lack of physical exercise and the consumption of more high in fat foods are thought to be major influences to obesity, even when taking into consideration genetic causes that are coming to light more and more (Warren et al., 2003). What are the pin point changes in society that caused this change in lifestyle? We now live in an instant culture (Heaton-Harris, 2009). Children in todays society spend their time pl aying video games and socialising on the internet rather than meeting face to face. It is these sedentary pursuits that allows children to do little exercise and encourages them to snack more. Ford Martin (2005) found that 92% of children had a home gaming system and the average time a day children spend in front of a media screen is 6 and a half hours. It is no wonder that child obesity is on the rise and physical activity is at an all-time low among young children. It is starting at such a young age as a Kaiser family foundation study (cited in Ford-Martin, 2005) found that a third of all children aged six and younger had their own televisions in their bedrooms. The children of today do not know anything different than sitting down in front of computers and televisons. It is not that sedentary activities are what children are most commonly engaging in.   It is worrying because it is replacing physical exercise of  youth  altogether  (Ofcom, 2004). Ofcom (2004) emphasise that there is a correlation between watching television, poor diet, poor health and obesity with children and adults. Steinbeck (2001) links the decrease in physical activity to the increase of child obesity; Biddle, Gorely and Stensel (2004) believe this to be true also. It would appear to attempt overcoming the child obesity epidemic children need to lessen their time involved in sedentary activities and partake in more physical activities. 3.1.2 Media Coverage Rodgers (2009, online) believes there is currently a panic surrounding child obesity in the UK with this sudden rise of media attention. Marsh and Melville (2011, online) describe moral panics as an exaggerated social reaction to something embraced by the mass media, which is caused by the activities of certain groups and/or individuals. This becomes the source of major public concern that amplifies the panic surrounding such activities. The TV series Jamies school dinners (2005), presented by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver, made a huge impact on child obesity, the media coverage on the topic and public perceptions. The Chef uncovered that 97% of school children were getting a totally unbalanced diet on a daily basis and this needed to change for the benefit of childrens health. A nutritionist on the series explained that the current school dinners lacked fruit, veg and vitamin C which are crucial in forming immunity (Jamies School Dinners, 2005). The TV series not only changed the public perception, more importantly led to changes by the government to ensure children had healthier school dinners. The Department for Education (2013), explains the governments current stance that there are strict nutrient-based standards that all schools in England need to comply with. This includes food and drink that can be obtained throughout a school day. The Government clearly state that they take the issue of healthy school dinners seriously, as it can affect childrens willingness to learn, behaviour and eating habits for life. The Schools Food Trust (2007, online) is a document that sets out the compulsory standards the Government insisted on that needed to be in place by September 2009. A 2011 article in the Sunday Observer shows that since the positive change to healthier school dinners that there has been an increase in not only learning as test results show but absences have dropped by 14% (Boffey, 2011). The media therefore has positive effects as well as negative. The media has seen to be useful for informing people about child obesity and helping to overcome the epidemic, as Jamie School Dinners is a prime example. However the media is widely known to provide misconceptions, which could worsen the issue. As it has been discussed child obesity is prominently featured in the media. When an important issue such as a childs health is at stake it is important that the issue is honestly portrayed ensuring it can be dealt with effectively. An argument is that the media portray only the extreme cases of obesity as that would be shocking news stories (Winterman, 2012). This then leads people to think that to be obese you would need to be extremely obese which may be cause for confusion and misunderstanding. As shown when half of parents underestimated the size of an obese child which implies that the media maybe the cause of this dangerous misconception (Winterman, 2012). If parents are misinformed by the media this could have life threatening affects for children who are obese, especially if it encourages the parents to believe that their children are not obese and do not take much needed action. It has also been noted that prime time TV shows about obesity, that dominate popular channels, give the wrong impression about obesity also. Boyce and Inthorn, (2007) studied programmes that were dedicated primarily to obesity, and came to the realisation that the shows directed blame on individuals generally rather than a public health issue. They tended to give the impression that it was down to self-control and discipline of the individual, with weight control being easily attainable as a result. The study also found that the programmes failed to improve levels of knowledge on obesity as it used shame and humiliation to persuade people to lose weight not knowledge. Jones (2006) backs this relaying that lack of correct information is a key problem. Rees et al. (2011) interviewed children about obesity, and they also shared the opinion shared by most TV programmes on obesity and thought if a child was obese they were to blame as it was something the media made out to be controllable . This false idea that obesity is easily controllable is wrong and may cause a lot of bullying in schools. 3.1.3 Advertising Its not just TV programmes that are thought to be affecting the ideas around child obesity; also adverts for unhealthy food are being blamed for the increase in child obesity (Carvel, 2003). It had been established beyond reasonable doubt that advertising of unhealthy products influences what children not only eat and drink but also the brands they prefer. Boyce, (2007) agrees that advertising is widely seen to encourage unhealthy consumption, particularly with children, as food is the most frequently advertised product on childrens TV. Coon and Tucker (2002) conducted a literature review into journal articles and concluded based on their findings that children exposed to advertising were significantly more likely to opt for advertised food products than those not exposed. Ofcom (2004) provided research also to suggest that there is a direct link to childrens food choices and advertisement. The report written by Barclay (2011) expresses clearly the governments stance, which indicates that they strongly agree junk food adverts encourage childrens ill health. From July 2007 such adverts were not restricted but totally banned from childrens TV by Ofcom, in what one would presume

The Delay in Hamlet’s Revenge Essay example -- Revenge and Vengeance i

The Delay in Hamlet’s Revenge  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's first thoughts after learning of his father's murder are of an immediate, violent revenge upon Claudius. However, his subsequent actions do not live up to these resolutions. Over four acts he takes little deliberate action against his uncle, although the ghost explicitly demands a swift revenge. In S. T. Coleridge's words, Hamlet's central weakness is that he is "continually resolving to do, yet doing nothing but resolve". Hamlet's first soliloquy, following a hostile conversation with Claudius and Gertrude, shows him grief-stricken, bitter and despairing. The source of Hamlet's melancholy is "his father's death" and the "o'er-hasty marriage" of his mother and uncle. He feels he has to do something, but he does not know precisely what. He expresses his disgust at his mother's inconstancy and incestuous remarriage, but is bound to suffer in silence: he must "hold [his] tongue" for reasons of diplomacy. The world seems empty, and he uses imagery of corruption, darkness, disease and imprisonment to reveal his state of mind. At the beginning of the play, all Hamlet sees is a terrible situation which he has no power to change. The ghost's command therefore gives Hamlet purpose; a reason to live. Its instruction is unmistakable: "if thou didst ever thy dear father love...revenge his foul and most unnatural murder." The apparition, armed "from head to foot", then relates the story of Claudius' treachery in graphic and horrible detail. It is now apparent to Hamlet what is "rotten in the state of Denmark". Shakespeare makes it very clear what Hamlet's duty is and who his enemy is. Hamlet is charged to avenge his father's murder and free Denmark from the shadow of the king's fr... ...e. N.p.: Princeton University Press, 1972.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.      

Autobiography of Peter Rackley

I came into the world on the 15th of October nineteen-eighty nine at Queen Mary's hospital at 9-17 in the evening. I weighed 5lb's and 8 1/2 oz. My name is Peter Rackley and I got my name because of Greek meaning â€Å"Rock† and if you didn't already know I'm half Greek, my Mum is from Cyprus. In my immediately family I obviously have my Mum and Dad and my older brother, who just turned eighteen and my twin sister Natasha, who is four minutes older than me so I'm the youngest in the family. Before I started playschool I used to live in Plumsted, which I can't remember at all and because of me being a twin we moved so we had a four bedroom house in Bexleyheath. Just after we moved I started at Pelham playschool. It was great, all day I would play with train sets and at break play on the tricycles around the playground. Those days were great, how did I know that in a few years time I would actually be working. Then I started St Thomas more primary school, I even remember a bit of the first day which was my Mum saying â€Å"Goodbye† and me getting into a strop about not leaving me but once I got inside I was fine. One of my first memories was shortly after playschool, it was in reception, when I got my first telling off, it's still a bit vague, and all I can remember is writing water on a bit of paper wrong and the teacher started telling me off and the reason is that water was spelt in huge bubble writing on the wall. I used to go through primary school in a dream I wouldn't take anything in so I was dumb. It was only in year five when I started working, that's when we were put into sets, I was bottom for everything so my Mum got me a tutor and she was great, her name was Mrs Driscal and than with the help of her I moved forward into the top groups just into for the SATS which I got all fives in so that was good and I owe a lot of that to Mrs Driscal. My clearest and best memory of Primary school is the year six football team, we were great I think we only lost one game and we won the double (cup and league). We even played the final at my playschool. Since I'm on the subject of football I joined Kingfisher when I was five or six, I can't remember, and have played there for most of my life but it didn't work out, here's what happened I broke my first metatarsal on my right foot playing in a school game and I was out for the season. Then when I came back kingfisher changed to Bromley F.C in the Kent league which is one higher than the one I was playing in(A), it is the highest standard I can be at my age, except for playing for a professional side. But this didn't work for me because it was too quick I couldn't play at that standard yet, I needed to take my time with getting fit again and so I moved to long lane who will be moving to the Kent next year. Before I started boring you with my football history I was talking about completing my SATS and the next step was for me to leave my primary school. Everyone has a leaving party where everyone can Say goodbye but I was already taking in the sun in Spain. Even though I would prefer to be in Spain it was still a night I wanted to go to. Then because my brother went to St Columba's I went too. It was pretty nervous starting a new school but as soon as we started a lesson I liked it. We started with something I was good at, P.E and it was high jump with my most favourite P.E teacher, Mr Coker, shame he left. Secondary school has been good with the exceptions of starting coursework in year nine and studying Shakespeare. He may have been a great man but studying him and some of his plays where boring. And that's my life so far. My future will hopefully go something like this; do extremely well in G.C.S.E's and in 6th form I shall study for A levels especially P.E and get them then I don't know exactly what I want to do but I might go sports collage and get a degree in sports/science and get a job from that, but not a P.E teacher, and it will be a high paid job and I will get married and have kids and that's it, I hope you enjoyed reading this.

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